Volume XXVII (2022), no. 2

Contents

Studies

Dan-Ionuţ JULEAN, Dana JULEAN
Institution:
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
ionut.julean@arch.utcluj.ro, dana.julean@arch.utcluj.ro
Abstract

At the beginning of the 20th century, György Versényi published three poems which capture the unbroken link to his roots and native places. These became increasingly important as life had pulled him away from this setting, which he would revisit just after reaching his maturity. Each of these three poems concentrates on a specific theme: his idilic memory of the native village as opposed to the real situation, the perpetual fostering of the ancestors, and the decayed and desacralised image of the house he was born in. The article analyses these aspects, focusing on the stories behind each of them.

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Alina Elena VOINEA
Institution:
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
alina.voinea@arch.utcluj.ro
Abstract

Saxons from Transylvania are a strong ethnic group. The present study brings to light an internal point of view of the Saxon identity. In the Transylvanian space, the Saxon identity is shaped by the interaction between the inhabitant ethnic groups present concomitantly in the same space. Saxons, Romanians, Hungarians and Rroma coexist and interact, developing cultural exchange as a foundation for ethnic identity coagulation. Through their interaction, Saxons are identifying themselves within the ethnicity, thus maintaining  identity.  Also, Saxons are differentiating from other ethnic groups,  thus  maintaining authenticity. Therefore, Saxons are different together, and similar apart, both authentic and identical.

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Mihaela GRANCEA, Olga GRĂDINARU
Institution:
Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
mihaela_grancea2004@yahoo.com, olgagradinaru@gmail.com
Abstract

The study reveals the preservation in the Romanian collective memory of communist festive culture elements based on 40 interviews concerning communist celebrations of the 23rd of August from Moldova, Muntenia, Oltenia  and  Transylvania taken in 2012 and 2018. The repetitive scenario of the event had determined clichés and stereotypes, without stimulating striking  national  feelings. We point out that people remember, reimagine and reinvent the same event of the Ceaușist era in three manners: subconsciously nostalgic,  in  an Orwellian  way  and the comparative approach (in terms of communist social certainty and post- communist uncertainty).

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Cristina Silvia VÂLCEA
Institution:
Transilvania University of Brașov
Email:
cristina.valcea@unitbv.ro
Abstract

In communist Romania, the official discourse of the state would stretch over all fields of activity irrespective of their contiguity to or remoteness from the leading committees. Women magazines enrol in this general orientation and become insidious voices of communist propaganda spreading with little concern for women, their supposedly main interest, but with much solicitude for the communist party’s ideology. The present article demonstrates that the pretended communist concernment for women’s rights and equality is a mere cover for the praise of the communist leaders of the country and of the communist party. The ‘big story’ narrative subversively turns from a construct meant to eulogize women’s bravery and determination into a glorification of communism. Discourse is shrewdly used to disconnect readers from reality in what may be considered the creation of a communist utopia in discourse.

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Hadrian Gorun
Institution:
“Constantin Brâncuși” University of Târgu-Jiu
Email:
hadriangorun_79@yahoo.com
Abstract

The present study tries to focus on several aspects regarding the relations between Romania and Russia, as they were reflected in French and Romanian documents, mainly from the French diplomatic and military archives and the Romanian National Archives. Regarding its methodology, we tried to make a rigorous selection of the appropriate documents for our topic. We also used several geopolitical concepts and a series of concepts belonging to the theory of international relations. The issue of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits represented an essential topic of the negotiations between Bucharest, Petrograd and Paris during the period of the Romanian neutrality in World War I. We can ask ourselves why this was a truly delicate, sensitive problem. Naturally, one of the Russian main war objectives consisted in obtaining the control over the Bosphorus and Dardanelles. Thus, the Empire of Tsars was able to exert its domination over the Constantinople city as well. The Romanian authorities acted for the principle of the internationalization, commercial neutrality and free navigation. The problem of the Straits generated tension and distrust. The Romanian-Russian relations were rather strained and cold. The growing apprehensions of the Romanian Kingdom regarding Russia’s intentions were obvious. We must take into account that the Russian path to the Straits crossed the Romanian territory. Russian expansionist tendencies in the Balkan region were undeniable. Peter the Great’s hegemonic program represented an irrefutable argument. We must also underline the fact that the key concepts of the Russian Empire were pan-Slavism and pan-Orthodoxism - a mask concealing its expansionist and annexational tendencies. The issue of the Straits also represented one of the reasons for which Ion I. C. Brătianu’s government often delayed Romanian intervention in the Great War.

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Gabriel-Andrei STAN
Institution:
University of Bucharest
Email:
gabriel-andrei.stan@lls.unibuc.ro
Abstract

The present paper advances a new understanding of Fyodor Dostoevsky's first novel, Poor Folk (1846), - as a parody of literary patterns promoted by Natural School's ideology. Dostoevsky builds his text on an underlying network of literary conventions, artistic devices, and intertextual references, used in a parodic manner. In addition, the novel makes use of a complex narratological strategy, in which the two characters play several roles simultaneously. All this turns the text into a literary experiment, intended by the young Dostoevsky to define his original contribution to the Russian literary tradition, in an overt dialogue with Aleksandr Pushkin and Nikolay Gogol. More specifically, it is the revival of the epistolary genre that allows Dostoevsky to engage in a dialog with his two predecessors. Therefore, Dostoevsky's debut novel should not be seen as a simple literary exercise, but, rather, as the assertion of its author’s artistic individuality in the context of the literary tradition.

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Rodica FRENȚIU
Institution:
Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
rfrentiu@hotmail.com
Abstract

The present study aims to analyse the novel  The Sound of the Mountain         (山の音・Yama no oto, 1949-1954), by Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972), beginning with a storytelling image, or an image that automatically produces a story. The image under scrutiny is auditory, an image of a mysterious, strongly affective intimacy, which sets the narrative tone and generates the function of the unreal (in the sense that follows Bachelard’s view) and, implicitly, of the imagination (which truly  stimulates the psyche), in an obvious opposition with the function of the real. By regarding the Japanese novel as an internal narration with a “limited” viewpoint, given by the actorial narrative type, since the centre for orientation coincides with the narrative perspective of an actor playing the role of a nucleus-character with a dynamic psychology, the present paper aims to explain, from a poetic and hermeneutic perspective, the meaning of the text beginning from the surface level that hides another view beneath. Moreover, in the case of the Japanese writer in question, the study highlights the search for the appropriate linguistic expression meant to depict the dual appearance of the perceptions, sensations, emotions and ideas that are, on the one hand, clear, precise, but impersonal and, on the other hand, confused, mobile and inexpressible, revealing the means by which Kawabata sometimes tries to extract the abstract from the concreteness of words, in order to give them a purer meaning. Furthermore, by contextualising within the field of Kawabata’s literature, the  narrative plot of the novel The Sound of the Mountain, which is seemingly devoid of intrigue, climax and denouement, I outlined a narrative technique that I would call a linked novel, an architectonic construction that covers Yasunari Kawabata’s entire literary creation, through which the author simultaneously reveals and hides himself, while offering reading and interpretation keys for his works.

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Ioana-Ciliana TUDORICĂ
Institution:
Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
ciliana.tudorica@gmail.com
Abstract

The present article analyses how Japanese calligraphy (shodō) is portrayed in the media, particularly in the Japanese comic book (manga) Barakamon. Although it is an art strongly anchored in tradition, shodō has continuously found new ways to reinvent itself and to become an integral part of everyday life. In order to observe the role of Japanese calligraphy in the media, the article will analyse the manga series Barakamon, showcasing several issues related to calligraphy, and how they are treated in the manga: the link between the visuals and the text of a calligraphic work (and how it might create difficulties for the manga’s translators), the issue of value within a calligraphic work and the importance of the calligrapher’s individuality and of finding a unique style.

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Diana-Elena VEREȘ
Institution:
Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
diana.veres@ubbcluj.ro
Abstract

China’s diplomacy has been marked by drastic changes since 2020, following the emergence of the virus known as SARS-CoV-2. The rapid spread of this virus both within China and beyond its borders, and subsequently globally, has led to a situation of crisis that has never been seen before in China, a situation that the Chinese leadership has had to mobilize and act upon, both internally, as most provinces in China have been affected, and externally, where the situation has taken on a greater scale than in the country that first reported the first coronavirus case. China is stepping in and assuming its role as a major power, taking swift action and implementing a series of drastic measures aimed at isolating the virus and combating the pandemic. China's global involvement, particularly in the countries most affected by the coronavirus crisis, has been viewed diplomatically not only with gratitude, as in the case of Italy, but also with suspicion and criticism of its political involvement in the humanitarian aid process. The present article proposes an analysis of both the Western and Chinese perspectives on China’s handling of the SARS-CoV-2 crisis and at the same time traces the direction of diplomatic relations between China and the major world powers, i.e. political alliances once the pandemic is over.

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Adrian NIȚĂ
Institution:
"Constantin Radulescu-Motru" Philosophy and Psychology Institute; “Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University
Email:
adriannita2010@gmail.com
Abstract

The theme of understanding in a sense of comprehension is well illustrated in literature by Javier Marias – a Spanish writer born in 1951, son of the Spanish philosopher Julian Marias Aguilera (1914-2005), who lived a great deal of time abroad (America) and who also studied and taught in England. The paper is focused, from an inter- and multi-disciplinary approach of philosophy, literature and ethics, on the problem of the “exile from the world,” with a special focus on identity, trans-world identity and implications for the moral aspects. The present paper begins with a summary analysis of the idea of exile from the world, continuing with several considerations on the membranes of the world and the membranes of the good, and ending with a few words about the world, truth and identity.

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David-Augustin MÂNDRUȚ
Institution:
Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca
Email:
davidmandrut@gmail.com
Abstract

The aim of the present paper is twofold. The first task which we proposed    is to offer an alternative interpretation of Winnicott’s concept of the subjective  object. This interpretation will be not psychoanalytical, but hermeneutical or even dialogical and it will approach the possibility of human understanding. The second  task will concern the possibility of an interpersonal hermeneutics, drawing from the work of Martin Buber and Alfred Schutz. Martin  Heidegger  and  Hans-Georg Gadamer will also be interrogated so that we can establish the possibility of the authentic listening to the other.

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Ecaterina PAVEL
Institution:
Transilvania University of Brașov
Email:
ecaterina.pavel@unitbv.ro
Abstract

The present study aims at analysing the extent to which motivation and autonomy shape the process of learning English for medical purposes (EMP). This research paper was designed to investigate the connection between students’ motivation and their autonomy level in the context of online training during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the traditional classes. A quantitative approach was developed to explore students’ motivation to learn EMP by means of technology-enhanced training. The article presents the data obtained and represents a point of departure for exploring more effective methods of using technology to both motivate medical students and enhance their autonomy in learning EMP. Furthermore, it generates a basis for designing EMP courses in an effort to encourage self-regulated learning.

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Alex CIOROGRAR
Institution:
Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
Email:
alexandru.ciorogar@ubbcluj.ro
Abstract

A contested notion, the figure of the translator—like that of the author—is (and has always been), I would argue, a travelling  concept.  It  is,  however,  a powerful force, perpetually wielding a certain  enchanting lure  over those involved   in the field of literary culture and academic studies. Nevertheless, the translator still currently lacks the appropriate symbolic capital. In the wake of poststructuralist, postmodern, and postcolonial theories, my paper  examines  contemporary translation by mapping the network of interacting structures and  transformations that underpin ongoing literary phenomena. The said conceptual frameworks start to fade with the expansion of planetary studies and relational aesthetics, and the birth of post-internet communication technologies. Globalization and digitization,  as well as world and systemic approaches to literary studies, have decisively altered the structure of the field, establishing a 21st-century translational symptomatology. The importance of translators and the ways in which they work and transport  works across international landscapes have, indeed, recently come to the fore.  Nevertheless, the question of how the translator should be redefined in our late global society remains deeply contested. Defined either as a media construct or as a set of textual images, the translator still seems to inhabit the realm of authorial presence and/or absence. No work has hitherto examined the question of the translator in ecological terms, even if ecology and literature have, indeed, been associated in many ways. By exploring the diversity of translation theories and practices, my paper will reveal the mechanisms through which our current literary system works, showing that—in a post-critical age—‘the ascension of the translator’ constitutes an unfolding site of controversy and dissent.

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Book reviews

Jean-Michel RABATÉ, Angeliki SPIROPOULOU (EDS.)
Reviewed by
Amalia COTOI
Email:
amaliacotoi@gmail.com
Abstract
Eliza ABLOVATSKI
Reviewed by
Răzvan CIOBANU
Email:
razvan55ciobanu@yahoo.com
Abstract
Jochen BÖHLER, Ota KONRÁD, Rudolf KUČERA (EDS.)
Reviewed by
Răzvan CIOBANU
Email:
razvan55ciobanu@yahoo.com
Abstract