Volumul XXIV (2019), nr. 1

IDEAS • BOOKS • SOCIETY • READINGS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26424/philobib.2019.24.1

Cuprins

Studii

Rodica FRENŢIU

Scribing and De-scribing History: Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of My Life (1934-1936)

Instituția:

Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca

Email:

rfrentiu@hotmail.com

Cuvinte cheie:

Queen Marie of Romania, World War I, memoir, autobiographical pact

Abstract

By considering “subjective” literature to be a “factual story” that transforms existence into a conscience and biography into a destiny, the present study focuses on the memoir The Story of My Life, written by Marie, Queen of Romania (1875-1938), translated into Romanian and published between 1934 and 1936. In order to favour a dialogue with history, the narrator, as a credible witness to history, by raising the great issue of the meaning of History to the level of the personal story, slides across the borders between the narrative texts claimed by the “biographical” genre and the memories give way to journal-type insertions that are autobiographical in nature. As an apologetic discourse, a historical story and an anthropological act that can resuscitate the mythical thinking, this memoir is also the space of a hermeneutical fiction in which different interpretations of the text can be identified: intentio auctoris, intentio operis and intentio lectoris. However, we will also support the interpretive conjecture of the retrospective narration with an applied poetical analysis, in order to identify and decrypt the autobiographical pact, the historical pact and the reading pact. By entering the field of literarity through a “quota of aesthetics” conditioned by the circumstances, the discourse of the factual story The Story of my Life realises and favours the relation between the time lived and the time of the confession-narration or, in other words, between scribing history (the narrative past) and de-scribing history (the commenting present).

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Alexandra CHERECHEŞ

“Little bride, you will drink your own blood”: Verbal and Physical Violence Against Women in Romanian Oral Literature

Instituția:

University of Jaén

Email:

alexandra.ch@hotmail.es

Cuvinte cheie:

Violence, masculinity, femininity, gender roles, Romanian oral literature, Romanian folklore

Abstract

A general view of the violence against women in Romanian oral literature is exposed, focusing especially on wedding songs. Verbal and physical abuse has a notable presence in this folklore: insults, mockeries, and beatings are reproduced, assimilated by a culture where the predominant figure tends to be always masculine. Therefore, some aspects of the idea of masculinity and femininity in Romanian oral literature will be reviewed.

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Marian-Ionuţ HARIUC ; SIMONA MITROIU

Oral Histories and Institutional Narratives: Preserving the Stories of the Romanian Communist Past

Instituția:

Romanian Academy, A.D. Xenopol Institute of History, Iasi, Romania ; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania

Email:

m.hariuc89@yahoo.com ; simona.mitroiu@uaic.ro

Cuvinte cheie:

oral history, post-communist society, Romania, coming to terms with the past, agents of memory, testimonies

Abstract

The Romanian post-totalitarian recount of the communist past embraces various forms: from individual and civic actions to recollect the memories of the past and gather testimonies from the regime’s victims, to institutionalized forms of memory and public memory discourse. The research described in this paper focused on the use of oral history as a mechanism to recollect the past and its effects at the level of the Romanian society: the creation of new institutions dedicated to researching the past, agents of memory, public memory discourse, political class reluctance, mass media, and the resulting politics of memory. The paper shows that this remembrance involves a permanent reconstruction of the past in which different agents of memory are involved, all of whom consequently project their own interests, ideas, and in some cases stereotypes onto their perceptions of the past. Identifying different topics and approaches to past narratives, we argue that the permanent dialogue and openness to others’ stories can offer valuable insights into the remembrance process, especially when traumatic events are involved.

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Ştefan BOLEA

Antihumanism in the Works of E.M. Cioran and Thomas Bernhard

Instituția:

Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca

Email:

stefan.bolea@gmail.com

Cuvinte cheie:

not-man, Übermensch, alterity, suicide, antinatalism, nihilism, psychosis

Abstract

The versions of Nietzschean and Cioranian Antihumanism start from different presuppositions than Foucault’s Antihumanism, adding misanthropy to their nihilistic project. The Cioranian term of the not-man, a darker counterpart to Nietzsche’s Übermensch, can be “tested” through forays into the Romantic and Post-romantic literature, considering for instance Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), Maupassant’s “Horla” (1887), Lorrain’s “The Possessed” (1895) or the poems of Lautréamont. In this paper we compare Cioran’s Antihumanism with the nihilism of Thomas Bernhard’s first novel, Frost (1963).

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Călina PÂRĂU

The Figure of the Ordinary Man: Rests and Traces

Instituția:

Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca

Email:

calina_parau@yahoo.com

Cuvinte cheie:

memory, forgetfulness, absence, insignificance, ordinary man

Abstract

The following text tries to examine a poetics of the rest in which the figure of the ordinary man is included. We will ask ourselves about the way in which absences and traces play a role in the determination of the real. How do cultural formations respond to these determinations and which are the roles played by memory and oblivion? In asking these questions we will have to have both a literary and a theoretical perspective given by this investigation of a living spectrality. The banal and the ordinary are both zones of insignificance that can haunt us by means of their unsolvable reality. How do we enter in relation to these zones of insignificance and how is the hidden real revealed in its fragmentary, unshaped memory?

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Florina ILIS

The New Poetics of the Impersonal in Art and the Role Played by the Poem Furu ike ya in Matsuo Bashō’s Writings

Instituția:

Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca

Email:

ilisflorina@gmail.com

Cuvinte cheie:

haiku, Matsuo Bashō, Japanese poetry

Abstract

The present article analyses the poetics of the haiku and the aesthetic principles on which the new vision imposed by Matsuo Bashō on Japanese poetry in the last two decades of the 17th century is based. Known as the founder of a new poetic form, the haiku, Matsuo Bashō, through his poetry, creates not only a new poetic order, but also a true path on which his disciples later set off. Starting from the haiku known as “the old pond poem”, the present article identifies and analyses the poeticity features of Matsuo Bashō’s poetry.

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Ciprian PORUMB-GHIURCO

On the Borderline between Tradition and Modernity. The Socio-professional Structure of the Sălaj Population between 1880 and 1941

Instituția:

Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca

Email:

ciprianporumbghiurco@gmail.com

Cuvinte cheie:

Sălaj, demography, population, professions, censuses

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to capture the evolution of the socio-professional composition of the shire population and later of the Sălaj County between 1880 and 1941. In this approach, we used the censuses carried out by the Austro-Hungarian state in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910. For Transylvania after the Great Union, we used the census volumes made and published in Romania on the population records of 1930. Following the Vienna Diktat of August 1940, Sălaj was part of the Romanian territories in Transylvania given to Hungary. In January 1941, the census of the population of Hungary took place, in which the Sălaj population was recorded.

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Izabela Georgiana COROIAN

Application of ICD-10 on causes of death from burial parish registers from Transylvania

Cuvinte cheie:

ICD-10, cause of death, mortality, historical demography

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show that the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) can be applied on causes of death from the parish registers from Transylvania. The sources consist of burial parish registers for the Reformed-Calvinist parishes in three villages overlapping for the period 1859-1930. All the causes of death could be coded and classified according to ICD-10. Furthermore, the analysis will be in regard to gender and age of the deceased and the seasonality of the main causes of death. In addition, some aspects of the epidemiological transition will be observed.

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